courage by eguriase s. m. okaka
COURAGE
By Eguriase S. M. Okaka
Meaning of Courage
Courage is the strength to do what is difficult or dangerous without fear. It is also the determination to face pain, fear, hardship, danger, uncertainty or intimidation without being afraid. Courage is a very important quality to overcoming challenges. It also enables communities, societies, and nations to pursue a course and make progress. This is positive courage or courage that the society approves for it members to displayed.
We also have negative courage, which is the boldness or fearlessness to do what is wrong and harmful to oneself, others, and the society. Negative courage includes courage to commit suicide, murder, arson, kidnapping, illegal bunkering, rape, shoplifting, tax evasion, resist punishment by school authority, etc. This type of courage does not bring progress to the society. Thus, it is not approved by the society.

Types of Courage
There are three main types of courage in the society – physical, moral and spiritual courage.
Physical Courage: This is the courage to do such risky physical acts such as climbing a mountain, climbing a tall tree, killing a big snake, resisting armed robbers, fighting in a war, reporting criminals to security agents, etc. this is positive physical courage. Every society needs men and women of positive physical courage.
Physical courage can also be negative. This is boldness to do physical things that are harmful to individuals and the society. Such acts include armed robbery, rape, kidnapping, stealing, and examination malpractice.
Moral Courage: This is the boldness to do what is right not minding what it costs to do so. No community jokes with its sons and daughters who are morally courageous. They are the people that are appointed to leadership positions.
Spiritual Courage: Spiritual courage is the courage to do what is right in the sight of God. It is the courage that is shown because of one’s faith, religion or God. Spiritual courage is shown in regard to one’s religion or belief in God, in spite of the risks involved in doing so. An example here is the courage to defend or propagate the doctrines of one’s religion. All those who have spiritual courage are friends of the God they worship.
Attributes of a Courageous Person
Courage, like other societal values, has many attributes. Some of these include:
• Boldness: A courageous person must be bold. He or she must be able to face challenges and not be afraid of any person, situation or circumstance around his or her person or environs.
• Bravery: This is the willingness to do something that is risky, dangerous or painful. It is the mark of a courageous person.
• Commitment: This mean giving time, money, effort, etc., to a purpose you are pursuing. It is the willingness to work for the realization of a cause or a purpose. It takes courage to be committed to a purpose despite the cost implications.
• Endurance: This is the ability to withstand pain or a difficult situation without complaining. It is an important mark of courageous person.
• Determination: This is a quality that makes a person continue to do a difficult task until success is achieved. Without determination, great tasks cannot be achieved and great heights cannot be attained. Passing an examination may be a difficult task, but with determination, success is sure.
• Steadfastness: This is the act of following one’s aim or plan without changing. It it the quality of having an unchanging attitude towards a goal. For a person to be truly courageous, he/she must be steadfast.
Questions
• What is courage?
• What is negative courage?
• Distinguish between physical courage and moral courage?
• Discuss any two attributes of a courageous person.
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