Eguria

HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE RULE OF LAW By Eguriase S. M. Okaka The Rule of Law Law is the body of rules and regulations that guide the government and the governed (citizens). A law is also the body or system of rules recognized by a community and enforceable by an established process. Such laws are contained in the constitution which can be written or unwritten. The law prescribes rights and responsibilities of the citizens to the state and also clarifies the powers of the government. This indicates that the law of every community, state or nation should be respected by everybody irrespective of their status. The rule of law on the other hand, means the supremacy of law over every person in the state. Rule of law emphasizes the principles of supremacy of law, equality before the law and the enjoyment of individual rights. The doctrine of rule of law is credited to Prof. A. V. Dicey, who states that every political leader that is assigned with the role of controlling the affairs of a stat...

RELATIONSHIP AMONG FEDERAL, STATES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS BY EGURIASE S. M. OKAKA A government is a system of government where the power to govern is divided between the national or central government and its component units. Nigeria, as a federation, operates a three-tier system of government. These are the federal government, state government and the local government. The federal government is the apex government, which is called the central government. The local government is the lowest level of government otherwise known as the grassroots government. The state government is the intermediate government which stands between the federal and the local government. Nigeria was formerly a single country before she became a federation in 1954. This means that the component states of the federation were created out of a single country. In a federal state, all the government, both federal and regional governments, are being coordinated together, yet they are independent of one another. Th...

NIGERIA AS A FEDERATION BY EGURIASE S. M. OKAKA Meaning of Federation Every state requires an organized system of governance for the warfare and security of the people. Governance is defined as the processes, decisions and action of the people who run the affairs of the state. It also means the establishment of policies, and continuous monitoring of their proper implementation of by the members of the governing body of the state. Consequently, a state may be either a federation, confederation or unitary. Each system determines the structure and powers of different levels of government towards satisfying the needs and aspirations of the people. A federation, therefore, is a union of states, regions or ethnic groups that are united under one federal government. These states or regions, which are called, federating units, are in control of most of their internal affairs while leaving some crucial issues such as defense, currency, immigration and external affairs in the hands of the cen...

COURAGE By Eguriase S. M. Okaka Meaning of Courage Courage is the strength to do what is difficult or dangerous without fear. It is also the determination to face pain, fear, hardship, danger, uncertainty or intimidation without being afraid. Courage is a very important quality to overcoming challenges. It also enables communities, societies, and nations to pursue a course and make progress. This is positive courage or courage that the society approves for it members to displayed. We also have negative courage, which is the boldness or fearlessness to do what is wrong and harmful to oneself, others, and the society. Negative courage includes courage to commit suicide, murder, arson, kidnapping, illegal bunkering, rape, shoplifting, tax evasion, resist punishment by school authority, etc. This type of courage does not bring progress to the society. Thus, it is not approved by the society. Types of Courage There are three main types of courage in the society – physical, moral and s...