grammar adjectives adverbs and preposition by eguriase s. m. okaka

Grammar: Adjectives, Adverbs and Preposition

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By Eguriase S. M. Okaka Adjectives: Forms and sub-classes An adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun. There are different classes of adjectives. Here are some of them. • Qualitative adjectives or adjectives of quality, such as large, honest, tall, brave, fat, show the kind or quality a person or thing. Examples a) This is a large house. (adjective of quality) b) Mr. Felix is a kind man. (adjective of quality) • Quantifying adjectives or adjectives of quantity, such as some, little, enough, all, no, much, lots, tell us the quantity of something. Examples a) I cooked some food. (adjective of quantity) b) She needs lots of exercise. (adjective of quantity) • Adjective of number, such as one, two, third, fifth, indicate the exact number of persons or things. Examples a) The boy came first. (noun) (number adjective) b) Everyone has two ears. (number adjective) (noun) • Color adjectives, such as brown, green, black, purple, describe the color of something. Examples a) He bought a blue suit. (color adjective) (noun) b) She owns a red Porsche. (color adjective) (noun) • Possessive adjectives, like your, their, my, his, show that something belongs to someone or something. Examples a) This is my sister. (possessive adjective) (noun) b) She left her book at home. (possessive adjective) (noun) The above various qualities described by adjectives can often be compared in terms of their degree and many adjectives have different forms to indicate their degree of comparison. Can you fill in the gaps with forms of the adjectives? Positive Comparative Superlative Cool cooler coolest Rough rougher roughest Good ------------ best Little less ------------------- Far ------------------ ------------------- Late ------------------ ------------------- An adjective may appear before a noun or after a linking verb (a verb that joins the subject of a sentence with a word or expression that describes the subject). Examples a) Mrs. Sakari makes beautiful dresses. (adjective is before the noun) b) This book is interesting. (the adjective is after the linking verb is). (Other linking verbs are: are, am, is, was and were). Many verbs like be, become, look, feel, seem are often followed by an adjective. Examples • You look tired. (verb) (adjective) • He seems unhappy. (verb) (adjective) • Femi became anxious. (verb) (adjective) Adverbs: Forms and sub-classes Adverbs that modify verbs tell the place, time, manner, frequency, degree and in what order the action of the verb is carried out. Examples a) He has gone home. (verb) (adverb of place) b) She left yesterday. (verb) (adverb of time) c) The man left quickly. (verb) (adverb of manner) d) The woman came twice. (verb) (adverb of frequency) e) The woman visits regularly. (verb) (adverb of frequency) f) They enjoyed the play immensely. (verb) (adverb of degree) Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. Examples a) The rain fell heavily. (verb) (adverb) b) The luggage is extremely heavy. (adverb) (adjective) c) Tommy plays the guitar very well. (adverb) (adverb) Adverbs that modify verbs do not always appear next to the verbs they modify. They can appear in any of the following places. a) He quickly left the room. (next to the verb) (adverb) (verb) b) Quickly, he left the room. (at the beginning of the sentence) (adverb) (verb) c) He left the room quickly. (at the end of the sentence). (verb) (adverb) Like many adjectives, some adverbs use different forms to signify degree. You should be able to fill in the gaps below with forms of adverbs. Positive Comparative Superlative High ----------------- ---------------- Badly worse ------------------ Well ------------------ best Far ------------------ ------------------- Hurriedly ------------------- -------------------- Carefully ------------------- -------------------- Prepositions Preposition such as about, from, after, by, of, under, around, during, outside, upon, on show the relationship of a noun or pronoun to some other word in a sentence. Examples • The book is on the table. • The woman is coming from the mall. Preposition such as according to, because of, next to, along with, apart from, in spite of, which are made up of more than one word, are known as compound preposition. Examples • She left because of the noise. • They went along with the group. Prepositions Prepositions such as about, from, after, by, of, under, around, during, outside, upon, on, show the relationship of a noun or pronoun to some other word in a sentence. Examples • The book is on the table. • The woman is coming from the mall. Preposition such as according to, because of, next to, along with, apart from, in spite of, which are made up of more than one word, are known as compound preposition. Examples • She left because of the noise. • They went along with the group. Prepositions begin phrases that generally end with a noun or pronoun known as object of the preposition. Examples • She bought the oranges from the woman. (preposition) (object of the preposition) • Kate was talking during the lesson (preposition) (object of the preposition) Certain words occur with specific prepositions. Choosing the correct preposition sometimes poses a problem because there are no clear rules to indicate the choice of a particular preposition. Here is a list of some common examples. Affected by aim at Angry with ashamed of Comment of die of Conscious of disgusted with Dislike for equal to Filled with good for Convicted for jump at Rely on similar to Regard to tired of / with Wait for wait upon Full of good for Guilty of interfere with Invasion of resentful of Embarrassed at happy for By Eguriase S. M. Okaka